Knowra Nagorno-Karabakh conflict Nagorno-Karabakh conflict The territorial and political conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh, marked by wars, displacement, and repeated efforts to settle the region’s status.
Nagorno-Karabakh : A mountainous region in the South Caucasus internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan and historically populated mainly by Armenians. The region’s status and control are the conflict’s central dispute.
Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast : An autonomous administrative region within Soviet Azerbaijan, established in 1923 and predominantly Armenian-populated. Its placement within Azerbaijan became central to competing territorial claims.
Ilham Aliyev : Azerbaijan’s president since 2003, who led the country during the 2020 war and 2023 offensive. His government pursued Azerbaijan’s territorial claims through diplomacy and military force.
Armenian refugees from Nagorno-Karabakh : Ethnic Armenians displaced from Nagorno-Karabakh, especially during the region’s 2023 exodus. Nearly the entire Armenian population fled after Azerbaijan established control in 2023.
Abkhaz–Georgian conflict : A conflict between Georgia and Abkhazia over Abkhazia’s status, marked by war and unresolved recognition. Like Nagorno-Karabakh, it arose from a post-Soviet territorial dispute, but involves different parties and claims.
First Nagorno-Karabakh War : The 1988–1994 war between Armenian and Azerbaijani forces over Nagorno-Karabakh and surrounding territories. It established Armenian control over Nagorno-Karabakh and adjacent districts for decades.
Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic : A Soviet republic uniting Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia from 1922 to 1936. Its early Soviet rule preceded the republic borders that framed later disputes.
Nikol Pashinyan : Armenia’s prime minister since 2018, who led the country through the 2020 war and its aftermath. His government negotiated the 2020 ceasefire and faced its domestic political consequences.
Azerbaijani internally displaced persons : Azerbaijanis displaced from their homes by the First Nagorno-Karabakh War and its aftermath. Their prolonged displacement shaped Azerbaijan’s political demands and postwar resettlement policies.
South Ossetia conflict : A conflict over South Ossetia’s status involving Georgia, local authorities, and Russia. It shows another post-Soviet struggle in the South Caucasus with a different balance of outside power.
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