Nahuatl

Nahuatl is a group of closely related Uto-Aztecan languages spoken by Nahua communities, chiefly in central Mexico. Its historical varieties included the language used by the Aztec Empire.

Uto-Aztecan languages: A language family whose members are spoken across the western United States and Mexico. Nahuatl belongs to this family, alongside languages such as Hopi and Yaqui.
Proto-Uto-Aztecan: The reconstructed ancestral language from which the Uto-Aztecan languages descended. Its descendants include Nahuatl, though Nahuatl’s deeper migration history remains debated.
Modern Nahuatl: The contemporary varieties of Nahuatl spoken by communities in Mexico and elsewhere. These living varieties show how Nahuatl differs by region and continues to change.
Pipil language: A Uto-Aztecan language spoken chiefly in El Salvador, also known as Nawat. Pipil is closely related to Nahuatl but is generally treated as a separate language.
Andrés de Olmos: A sixteenth-century Franciscan missionary who wrote an early grammar of Nahuatl. His grammar is among the earliest systematic descriptions of the language.
Nahua peoples: Indigenous peoples of Mexico whose communities speak or have historically spoken Nahuatl varieties. Their communities sustain the language’s historical and present-day varieties.
Aztec Empire: A powerful Mesoamerican empire centered on Tenochtitlan from the fifteenth century until the Spanish conquest. The empire’s expansion spread its Nahuatl variety across much of central Mexico.
Nahuatl literature: Oral and written works composed in Nahuatl across historical periods. Poetry, songs, and prose express Nahua experiences in the language.
Huasteca Nahuatl: A group of Nahuatl varieties spoken in the Huasteca region of eastern Mexico. Its regional forms contrast with central Mexican varieties in pronunciation and grammar.
Bernardino de Sahagún: A Franciscan friar whose research with Nahua collaborators produced the Florentine Codex. His project preserved extensive Nahuatl-language accounts and testimony.

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