National Convention

The French assembly that governed from 1792 to 1795, abolished the monarchy, and established the First Republic during the French Revolution.

Girondins: A moderate republican faction in the French Revolution, prominent in the National Convention until its leaders were purged in 1793. Their conflict with the Montagnards drove the Convention’s decisive factional struggle.
Storming of the Tuileries: The insurrection of 10 August 1792 in which revolutionaries captured the Tuileries Palace and overthrew royal authority. The uprising prompted the suspension of Louis XVI and the call for a new assembly.
Maximilien Robespierre: A lawyer and revolutionary politician who became a leading figure in the Committee of Public Safety. His influence made him the most prominent target of the Convention’s Thermidorian revolt.
Constitution of 1793: A democratic constitution approved by the National Convention in 1793 but suspended before it took effect. It set out a republican order that the Convention postponed during the emergency.
Estates-General of 1789: An assembly of the three estates summoned by Louis XVI in 1789, whose transformation began the French Revolution. Unlike the king’s consultative assembly, the Convention claimed sovereign authority for a republic.
The Mountain: The radical faction in the National Convention associated with the Jacobin Club and leaders including Robespierre. Its ascendancy brought the Convention under radical control in 1793.
Legislative Assembly: The French legislature that governed from 1791 until the monarchy’s fall in August 1792. The Convention replaced this assembly after the insurrection against the king.
Georges Danton: A French revolutionary leader who served in the government and was executed during the Reign of Terror. His execution showed the Convention’s willingness to purge former revolutionary leaders.
Constitution of Year III: The constitution adopted in 1795 that established the Directory and replaced the National Convention’s government. It defined the settlement through which the Convention transferred power.
National Constituent Assembly: The revolutionary assembly that governed France from 1789 to 1791 and drafted the Constitution of 1791. It pursued constitutional monarchy, while the Convention abolished the monarchy.

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