National Labor Relations Act

The National Labor Relations Act is a 1935 U.S. federal law protecting many private-sector employees’ rights to organize, bargain collectively, and engage in concerted activity.

National Labor Relations Board: The independent U.S. agency that administers and enforces the National Labor Relations Act. It investigates alleged violations, conducts representation elections, and orders remedies under the Act.
Employee (labor law): A worker legally classified as an employee rather than an independent contractor or excluded worker. The Act’s protections generally turn on employee status, with statutory exclusions.
Wagner Act: The 1935 U.S. law that established federal protections for private-sector collective organizing and bargaining. Wagner Act is the common name for the original National Labor Relations Act.
Taft–Hartley Act: The 1947 U.S. law that amended the NLRA, restricting some union conduct and adding employer and employee rights. It imposed limits on unions and changed the original statute’s balance of labor relations.
Unionization in the United States: The formation and growth of labor unions among U.S. workers. The Act created a durable federal framework for organizing in much of the private sector.
Unfair labor practice: An employer or union action prohibited by labor law, such as interfering with protected organizing rights. The Act defines prohibited conduct and provides a process for addressing it.
Independent contractor: A worker who performs services under a contract but is legally distinct from an employee. Independent contractors are excluded from the Act’s definition of employee.
National Industrial Recovery Act: A 1933 U.S. law that sought economic recovery through industrial codes and recognized some organizing rights. Its labor provisions preceded the NLRA, but constitutional invalidation left organizing protections uncertain.
Landrum–Griffin Act: The 1959 U.S. law establishing rights for union members and regulating aspects of union governance. It further amended federal labor policy while focusing on internal union affairs.
Labor rights: Legal and social protections governing workers’ treatment, representation, and conditions of employment. The Act made organizing and collective bargaining central federal labor rights.

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