National League for Democracy

The National League for Democracy is a Myanmar political party founded in 1988 to campaign for democracy and civilian government. Led for decades by Aung San Suu Kyi, it won major electoral victories before being ousted from power in the 2021 military coup.

8888 Uprising: A nationwide pro-democracy uprising in Myanmar in 1988, suppressed by the armed forces. The uprising created the political opening in which the NLD was founded.
1990 Myanmar general election: A parliamentary election in which the National League for Democracy won an overwhelming majority of seats. The junta refused to transfer power after the NLD’s decisive victory.
Constitution of Myanmar: Myanmar’s 2008 constitution, which reserves parliamentary seats and key government powers for the armed forces. Its military-reserved seats constrained the NLD even after it won elections.
National Unity Government of Myanmar: A parallel government formed in 2021 by elected lawmakers and other opponents of Myanmar’s military junta. Former NLD lawmakers and allies helped form this body after the coup displaced parliament.
Union Solidarity and Development Party: A Myanmar political party formed from a military-backed mass organization and closely associated with former military leaders. It was the NLD’s principal rival in elections and represented a political alternative backed by former junta officials.
State Law and Order Restoration Council: Myanmar’s military junta from 1988 to 1997, established after a coup that ended the uprising. The junta took power as the NLD emerged and governed during its first electoral victories.
2012 Myanmar by-elections: Myanmar parliamentary by-elections in which the NLD won 43 of the 44 seats it contested. The result marked the party’s return to electoral politics after years of repression.
Tatmadaw: The armed forces of Myanmar, a central political institution that has ruled the country directly and indirectly. The NLD’s pursuit of civilian authority repeatedly collided with the Tatmadaw’s entrenched power.
Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw: A committee formed by elected Myanmar lawmakers after the 2021 coup to represent the dissolved Union Parliament. NLD lawmakers were central to its claim to represent the 2020 election’s results.
National Democratic Force: A Myanmar political party founded in 2010 by former NLD members who chose to contest the general election. Its break with the NLD reflected disagreement over whether to participate under military-drafted rules.

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