Naturalism

Naturalism is the view that reality and its phenomena can be explained through natural causes, without appeal to supernatural intervention.

Nature: The physical world and its processes, often contrasted with human-made or supernatural realms. Naturalism treats nature as sufficient for explaining phenomena.
Supernaturalism: The view that supernatural beings or forces exist and can affect the natural world. It permits causes that naturalism excludes from explanations of phenomena.
Methodological naturalism: The rule that scientific inquiry seeks natural explanations without deciding whether the supernatural exists. It applies naturalism as a research method rather than a complete worldview.
Ancient Greek philosophy: The philosophical traditions that developed in the Greek-speaking world from the sixth century BCE onward. Ancient thinkers offered influential natural accounts of the cosmos and its changes.
Causality: The relation by which one event, condition, or process produces or influences another. Natural explanations account for events through causal relations.
Theism: Belief in the existence of at least one god. Theism can conflict with naturalism when divine action is treated as an explanatory cause.
Metaphysical naturalism: The view that reality contains nothing supernatural and consists wholly of the natural world. It states the ontological commitment often associated with naturalism.
Atomism: The theory that matter consists of indivisible or fundamental particles moving through empty space. Ancient atomists explained the world through material processes rather than divine purpose.
Supernatural: That which is conceived as existing beyond or outside the natural world and its laws. Naturalism rejects supernatural intervention as an explanatory cause.
Deism: The view that a creator established the universe but does not intervene in its operation. Deism allows a creator while rejecting ongoing supernatural intervention.

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