Ndebele people

The Ndebele are Nguni-speaking peoples with communities chiefly in Zimbabwe and South Africa. Their histories, languages, and identities differ across these communities.

Mzilikazi: A nineteenth-century king who founded the Ndebele kingdom in southern Africa. His migration and rule shaped the origins of the Zimbabwean Ndebele community.
Nguni languages: A group of closely related Bantu languages spoken mainly in southern Africa. Ndebele languages belong to the broader Nguni language family.
First Matabele War: An 1893 conflict between the Ndebele Kingdom and the British South Africa Company. The war brought down the Ndebele Kingdom and opened Matabeleland to colonial rule.
Ndebele art: Visual art associated with Ndebele communities, including distinctive mural painting and beadwork traditions. Its forms make cultural identity visible in community and domestic settings.
Ndebele Kingdom: A nineteenth-century state established by Mzilikazi and continued under Lobengula in present-day Zimbabwe. This kingdom became the central political foundation of the Zimbabwean Ndebele.
Northern Ndebele language: A Nguni language spoken chiefly by the Ndebele of Zimbabwe. It is the principal language associated with Zimbabwe's Ndebele community.
Second Matabele War: An 1896–1897 uprising against British South Africa Company rule in Matabeleland and Mashonaland. The uprising expressed resistance to the colonial order imposed after the kingdom's defeat.
Ndebele mural painting: A tradition of geometric exterior wall painting associated especially with South African Ndebele women. The murals are a prominent expression of South African Ndebele artistic practice.
Lobengula: The second king of the Ndebele Kingdom, ruling from the 1860s until its conquest by Britain. His reign ended with colonial conquest and transformed Ndebele political life.
Southern Ndebele language: A Nguni language spoken by the Ndebele people of South Africa. It distinguishes the South African Ndebele community linguistically from Zimbabwe's.

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