Neapolitan War

The 1815 conflict in which Austria defeated Joachim Murat’s Kingdom of Naples, ending his rule and restoring the Bourbon monarchy.

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Battle of Tolentino: The decisive battle of the Neapolitan War, fought between Austrian and Neapolitan forces in May 1815. The Austrian victory at Tolentino broke Murat’s army and determined the war’s outcome.
Congress of Vienna: The 1814–1815 diplomatic gathering that reorganized Europe after the Napoleonic Wars. Its settlement favored restoring Naples to the Bourbons, threatening Murat’s rule.
Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies: The Bourbon king who ruled Naples and Sicily, later reigning as the first king of the Two Sicilies. He regained the Neapolitan throne after Murat’s defeat.
War of the Seventh Coalition: The 1815 coalition war that ended with Napoleon’s defeat at Waterloo. It was the larger European conflict occurring alongside the Neapolitan campaign.
Joachim Murat: A French cavalry commander who ruled Naples as king from 1808 until 1815. Murat led the Neapolitan campaign and lost his throne in the conflict.
Napoleon’s return from Elba: Napoleon Bonaparte’s return to France in March 1815 and restoration as emperor. Murat’s declaration during Napoleon’s return helped trigger Austria’s campaign against him.
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies: The state formed in 1816 by merging the Kingdom of Naples and the Kingdom of Sicily. The Bourbon restoration led to the formal union of Naples and Sicily.
Battle of Waterloo: The June 1815 battle in which allied forces defeated Napoleon in Belgium. Unlike Waterloo, Tolentino decided the fate of a kingdom rather than Napoleon’s return.
Frederick Bianchi: An Austrian general who commanded forces against Murat during the 1815 campaign. Bianchi’s Austrian command won the decisive victory at Tolentino.
Rimini Proclamation: Murat’s April 1815 appeal urging Italians to unite and resist foreign domination. Murat issued the proclamation as he launched his war against Austria.