Nebuchadnezzar II

Nebuchadnezzar II was a Neo-Babylonian king who ruled from 605 to 562 BCE, expanded his empire, and rebuilt Babylon’s walls, temples, and other monuments.

Neo-Babylonian Empire: An ancient Mesopotamian empire that dominated the Near East from the late seventh to the sixth century BCE. Nebuchadnezzar’s campaigns brought the empire to its greatest territorial extent.
Battle of Carchemish: A 605 BCE battle in which Babylon defeated Egypt and its Assyrian allies near the Euphrates. Nebuchadnezzar’s victory secured Babylonian control over former Assyrian territories.
Nabopolassar: The founder of the Neo-Babylonian dynasty and father of Nebuchadnezzar II. His campaigns created the kingdom Nebuchadnezzar inherited.
Babylon: An ancient Mesopotamian city on the Euphrates that became the Neo-Babylonian Empire’s capital. Nebuchadnezzar transformed the capital with enlarged defenses, temples, and ceremonial spaces.
Babylonian captivity: The deportation and exile of Judeans in Babylonia following Babylon’s conquest of Judah. Nebuchadnezzar’s capture of Jerusalem and deportations became central to Judean history.
Babylonian siegecraft: The military methods used by Babylonian forces to blockade and breach fortified cities. Sieges extended Nebuchadnezzar’s rule without requiring direct battles in every campaign.
Fall of the Neo-Assyrian Empire: The collapse of Assyrian imperial power during the late seventh century BCE. The empire’s defeat opened the way for Babylonian expansion under Nebuchadnezzar.
Processional Way of Babylon: A ceremonial route through Babylon leading toward the Ishtar Gate and the city’s sacred precinct. Its decorated route displays the scale and visual program of his urban rebuilding.
Siege of Jerusalem (587 BCE): The Babylonian siege that ended with Jerusalem’s capture and destruction in 587 or 586 BCE. This decisive campaign was a major consequence of Nebuchadnezzar’s expansion into Judah.
Babylonian Chronicles: A collection of cuneiform historical records describing Babylonian royal campaigns and events. Their near-contemporary entries document campaigns during Nebuchadnezzar’s reign.

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