Nectanebo I

Nectanebo I was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh who founded the Thirtieth Dynasty and ruled from about 380 to 362 BCE. He defended Egypt against Persian reconquest and sponsored extensive temple building.

Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt: The last dynasty of ancient Egypt ruled by native Egyptian kings, lasting from 380 to 343 BCE. Nectanebo founded this dynasty after taking the throne around 380 BCE.
Achaemenid reconquest of Egypt: The Persian campaign that ended Egypt’s independence in 343 BCE and restored Achaemenid rule. Nectanebo’s defenses aimed to prevent the reconquest that eventually ended his dynasty.
Philae: An island in the Nile whose temple complex became a major center of the cult of Isis. Nectanebo I built an early monumental sanctuary there, beginning Philae’s temple history.
Egypt under the Achaemenid Empire: The periods when Egypt was governed as part of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. Nectanebo’s reign interrupted Persian rule before Egypt was conquered again.
Teos: An Egyptian pharaoh of the Thirtieth Dynasty who ruled after Nectanebo I. Nectanebo’s son and successor continued the dynasty he established.
Artaxerxes III: Achaemenid king who reconquered Egypt in 343 BCE. His later invasion succeeded where earlier Persian efforts against Nectanebo failed.
Temple of Khnum at Elephantine: An ancient Egyptian temple dedicated to Khnum on Elephantine Island at Aswan. Nectanebo sponsored construction at this southern cult center.
Alexander the Great: Macedonian king who conquered the Achaemenid Empire and took Egypt in 332 BCE. His conquest followed the fall of Nectanebo’s dynasty and began Macedonian rule in Egypt.
Nectanebo II: The last native Egyptian pharaoh, ruling from 360 to 343 BCE. Nectanebo I’s grandson briefly restored the dynasty after Teos’s overthrow.
Pharnabazus: A Persian satrap and commander who led an invasion of Egypt in 373 BCE. His failed campaign tested Nectanebo’s military defenses.

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Artaxerxes IIRelated: His rule thwarted Artaxerxes’s attempts to reconquer Egypt.