Neo-nationalism

Neo-nationalism is a contemporary resurgence of nationalist politics that emphasizes national sovereignty and cultural identity while resisting perceived globalizing forces.

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Nationalism: A political principle that treats the nation as a primary source of collective identity and political legitimacy. Neo-nationalism renews nationalist claims under contemporary conditions.
Globalization: The intensification of cross-border connections in trade, finance, migration, technology, and culture. Neo-nationalism gains force partly as a reaction against globalization's reach.
Donald Trump: American politician who served as the 45th and 47th president of the United States. His campaigns paired national-sovereignty rhetoric with immigration restriction and economic protectionism.
Civic nationalism: A form of nationalism that defines membership through shared citizenship and political principles. It contrasts with neo-nationalist appeals that emphasize cultural heritage or ethnic belonging.
Democratic backsliding: The gradual weakening of democratic institutions, norms, and accountability within a political system. Concentrating power in the name of national unity can weaken institutional checks.
Populism: A political approach that presents society as divided between a virtuous people and a self-serving elite. Neo-nationalist movements often frame national elites as yielding power to outsiders.
European Union: A political and economic union of European countries with shared institutions and areas of common law. Conflicts over pooled authority have made the EU a focal point for sovereignty campaigns.
Viktor Orbán: Hungarian politician who has served as prime minister since 2010, apart from 2002–2010. His government presents national sovereignty and Christian-conservative identity as political priorities.
Ethnic nationalism: A form of nationalism that defines the nation primarily through common ancestry, ethnicity, or descent. Some neo-nationalist movements invoke ethnic belonging, but the two concepts are not identical.
Minority rights: Rights that protect groups from discrimination and preserve equal participation in public life. Majoritarian definitions of national identity can place minorities' equal status under pressure.