Neoconservatism

Neoconservatism is a political movement associated especially with the United States that combines liberal-democratic ideals, market economics, and support for an assertive foreign policy.

New York Intellectuals: A group of mostly Jewish writers and critics based in New York who shaped American intellectual life in the mid-20th century. Several early neoconservatives emerged from this milieu and its debates over liberalism and communism.
Norman Podhoretz: An American literary critic and editor who became a prominent neoconservative intellectual. As editor of Commentary, he helped define the movement's break with the left.
Democratic peace theory: The theory that democracies are less likely to fight wars against one another than against nondemocracies. Neoconservative arguments often treat the spread of democracy as a route to a more peaceful order.
Reagan Doctrine: The Reagan-era policy of supporting anti-communist insurgencies and movements around the world. It embodied neoconservative support for confronting Soviet influence beyond direct U.S.-Soviet competition.
Paleoconservatism: A traditionalist conservative movement skeptical of immigration, globalism, and expansive U.S. intervention abroad. Its restraint in foreign affairs contrasts with neoconservative support for an active global role.
Irving Kristol: An American writer widely regarded as a founder of neoconservatism. His essays and editorial work helped turn a loose tendency into a self-conscious movement.
Jeane Kirkpatrick: An American political scientist and diplomat who served as U.S. ambassador to the United Nations under Ronald Reagan. Her distinction between authoritarian and totalitarian regimes shaped neoconservative arguments about foreign policy.
Regime change: The replacement of one government or political system by another, often through external pressure or intervention. The movement has defended removing hostile dictatorships as a means of changing international politics.
Project for the New American Century: A U.S. think tank founded in 1997 that advocated American global leadership and military strength. Its members and policy proposals linked neoconservative advocacy to the George W. Bush administration.
Realism (international relations): A tradition in international relations that emphasizes state power, security, and competition in an anarchic system. Realists tend to prioritize stability and national interest over democracy promotion.

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