Nervous system

The body system of neurons and supporting cells that receives and processes information and coordinates responses through electrical and chemical signaling.

Neuron: A specialized cell that receives, processes, and transmits information using electrical and chemical signals. Neurons are the principal signaling cells of the nervous system.
Sensory neuron: A neuron that carries information from sensory receptors toward the central nervous system. Sensory neurons bring incoming signals into nervous pathways.
Central nervous system: The brain and spinal cord, which integrate information and coordinate responses. This is the main site of nervous-system integration.
Endocrine system: A system of glands and hormone-producing cells that regulates body functions through chemical messengers carried in body fluids. Hormonal signaling often acts more slowly and broadly than neural signaling.
Glial cell: A non-neuronal cell that supports, protects, or regulates neurons in nervous tissue. Glia maintain the conditions neurons need to function.
Interneuron: A neuron that connects with other neurons, primarily within the central nervous system. Interneurons integrate and relay information between input and output pathways.
Peripheral nervous system: Nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord that connect them with the rest of the body. It carries signals between central structures and body tissues.
Immune system: Cells, tissues, and molecules that defend the body against pathogens and other threats. Immune activity exchanges signals with the nervous system and can alter neural function.
Synapse: A junction where a neuron communicates with another cell through chemical or electrical signaling. Synapses let nervous-system signals pass between cells.
Motor neuron: A neuron that carries commands from the central nervous system to muscles or glands. Motor neurons deliver nervous-system output to effectors.

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