Nestorianism

Nestorianism is a Christological doctrine associated with Nestorius that distinguishes Christ’s divine and human natures. Its traditional opponents understood this distinction as dividing Christ into two persons.

Christology: The branch of Christian theology concerned with the identity and work of Jesus Christ. Nestorianism is one position within debates over Christ’s identity.
Nestorius: A fifth-century archbishop of Constantinople whose teaching on Christ and Mary provoked a major church controversy. His preaching and writings became the controversy’s focal point.
Miaphysitism: A Christological doctrine that confesses Christ as one united incarnate nature, from divinity and humanity. It represents a distinct account of the relation between Christ’s divine and human realities.
Church of the East: A historic Christian church that developed in the Persian Empire and spread across Asia. It was later labeled Nestorian, though its Christology cannot simply be equated with Nestorius’s alleged doctrine.
Hypostatic union: The doctrine that Christ’s divine and human natures are united in one person. It states the unity that Nestorianism’s critics believed the doctrine compromised.
Cyril of Alexandria: A fifth-century patriarch of Alexandria who defended the unity of Christ against Nestorius. His polemic shaped the opposing account of Christ’s one person.
Monophysitism: A Christological position that holds Christ has one nature, commonly understood as rejecting a lasting distinction of divinity and humanity. It is often contrasted with positions accused of separating Christ’s natures.
Assyrian Church of the East: An Eastern Christian church whose liturgical and theological heritage descends from the Church of the East. Its members have often inherited the external label “Nestorian,” which they may reject as misleading.
Nature (Christian theology): In Christological usage, the set of attributes belonging to Christ as divine or human. Nestorian disputes concerned how Christ’s two natures relate.
School of Antioch: A tradition of Christian biblical interpretation and theology associated with Antioch and attention to historical and literal readings. Nestorius’s Christological language drew on theological approaches associated with Antioch.

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