Neurodevelopmental disorder

A disorder arising from atypical brain development during the developmental period that can impair cognition, behavior, communication, or motor function.

Neurodevelopment: The processes through which the nervous system forms, matures, and changes across development. Atypical development of the nervous system underlies this group of disorders.
Autism spectrum disorder: A neurodevelopmental disorder involving persistent differences in social communication and restricted or repetitive patterns of behavior or interests. It illustrates a diagnosis defined by social-communication and behavioral features.
Genetics of neurodevelopmental disorders: The study of genetic variants and their contributions to disorders arising during brain development. Genetic changes can alter brain development and contribute to varied diagnostic profiles.
Adaptive behavior: The conceptual, social, and practical skills people use to meet everyday demands. Adaptive functioning helps describe real-world effects beyond test scores or symptom counts.
Developmental psychopathology: The study of how psychological difficulties emerge and change across a person's development. It examines how early differences can shape later symptoms and functioning.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A neurodevelopmental disorder marked by persistent inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning. It shows how developmental differences in attention and impulse control can impair daily life.
Synaptogenesis: The formation of synapses between neurons during nervous-system development and throughout life. Disrupted synapse formation can affect the circuits supporting cognition and behavior.
Special education: Instruction and services designed to meet the educational needs of students with disabilities. Educational supports can address learning and participation needs associated with these disorders.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: A classification manual published by the American Psychiatric Association for diagnosing mental disorders. Its current editions group several diagnoses under neurodevelopmental disorders.
Intellectual disability: A disorder involving significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, with onset during development. It foregrounds effects on reasoning and everyday adaptive skills.

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