Neurosurgery

Neurosurgery is the medical specialty that diagnoses and surgically treats disorders of the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and related structures.

Craniotomy: A surgical opening in the skull that provides access to the brain. It is a common route for operating on intracranial lesions.
Stereotactic neurosurgery: A surgical approach that uses three-dimensional coordinates to target structures within the nervous system. It enables precise access to deep brain targets through small openings.
Neuroanatomy: The study of the structure and organization of the nervous system. Surgical planning depends on the location of pathways, nuclei, and blood vessels.
Neurology: The medical specialty that diagnoses and treats disorders of the nervous system, primarily without surgery. Neurologists often diagnose and manage conditions that neurosurgeons may treat operatively.
Brain tumor surgery: Surgical treatment of tumors arising in or affecting the brain. Neurosurgeons remove or reduce tumors while preserving nearby function.
Neuronavigation: Computer-assisted guidance that tracks surgical instruments against patient imaging. It helps surgeons localize lesions and plan safe operative routes.
Neurological examination: A clinical assessment of brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerve function. It establishes deficits that guide diagnosis and track outcomes.
Interventional neuroradiology: Image-guided treatment of nervous-system disorders through catheters and other minimally invasive tools. It can treat some vascular conditions without open neurosurgery.
Cerebral aneurysm: A weakened, bulging area in the wall of a brain artery. Neurosurgical clipping can isolate some aneurysms from blood flow.
Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring: Real-time assessment of nervous-system function during surgery using electrical signals. Monitoring can warn of injury to neural pathways during an operation.

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