Knowra Neurotoxicity Neurotoxicity Neurotoxicity is damage to the structure or function of the nervous system caused by a substance or exposure. It can affect neurons, supporting cells, or neural signaling.
Oxidative stress : Cellular damage caused when reactive molecules overwhelm antioxidant defenses. Reactive oxygen species can injure neurons and contribute to toxicant-induced cell death.
Lead poisoning : Illness caused by lead exposure, which can damage the developing and adult nervous systems. Lead is a well-studied neurotoxicant associated with cognitive and behavioral harm.
Neuron : An electrically excitable cell that receives, processes, and transmits information in the nervous system. Neurons are direct targets whose injury can impair neural circuits.
Neurotoxicity versus neuroinflammation : Inflammatory activity within the nervous system involving immune cells and signaling molecules. Inflammation can accompany toxic injury, but it is a response rather than the definition of neurotoxicity.
Excitotoxicity : Neuronal injury caused by excessive activation of excitatory receptors, especially glutamate receptors. Some toxins overstimulate glutamate signaling, driving calcium entry and neuronal damage.
Methylmercury poisoning : Neurological illness caused by exposure to methylmercury, often through contaminated food. Methylmercury can accumulate in food webs and injure the central nervous system.
Glial cell : A non-neuronal cell that supports, protects, or regulates neurons in the nervous system. Toxic injury to glia can disrupt neuronal support and neural function.
Neurotoxicity versus neurodegeneration : Progressive loss of neuronal structure or function over time. Neurodegeneration describes a pattern of decline, while neurotoxicity identifies injury caused by an exposure.
Blood–brain barrier : A selective interface between blood and brain tissue that regulates which substances enter the central nervous system. Its disruption can let otherwise restricted toxic substances reach brain tissue.
Organophosphate poisoning : Poisoning caused by organophosphate compounds, which can disrupt nerve signaling by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. The acute syndrome illustrates neurotoxicity through excessive acetylcholine signaling.
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