Neutral country

A state that does not participate in an armed conflict between other states and is bound by the rights and duties of neutrality.

Hague Conventions of 1907: International treaties that codified rules on warfare, including the rights and duties of neutral powers. Convention V sets out the rules governing neutral powers in land warfare.
Swiss neutrality: Switzerland's longstanding policy of military nonparticipation in conflicts between other states. It is a prominent example of neutrality maintained across successive European wars.
Non-alignment: A foreign-policy stance of avoiding formal alignment with major power blocs. Non-alignment concerns bloc politics, while neutrality imposes legal duties during a specific war.
Permanent neutrality: A state's commitment to remain neutral in future wars, often established by domestic or international law. It extends neutrality beyond a single conflict and constrains long-term security policy.
Neutrality law: The body of international law governing the rights and duties of states that remain outside armed conflicts. It defines the legal framework that makes neutrality more than a political declaration.
Sweden during World War II: Sweden's policy of nonbelligerence during World War II, alongside extensive dealings with both sides. Its wartime choices expose the tension between formal neutrality and practical accommodation.
Pacifism: The rejection of war or violence as a means of resolving disputes. A neutral state may use force to defend its territory, unlike pacifism's principled opposition to war.
Neutrality in World War I: The policies and legal questions surrounding states that remained outside World War I. The war tested neutrality through blockades, submarine warfare, and pressure to choose sides.
Belligerent: A party legally engaged in an armed conflict under the law of armed conflict. Belligerents must respect neutral territory and cannot use it for military operations.
Ireland during World War II: Ireland's policy of neutrality during World War II, known domestically as the Emergency. Its stance illustrates neutrality by a state closely connected to one of the belligerents.

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NeutralityBroader topic: Its conduct shows how neutrality operates at the level of state policy.