New Hebrides

The New Hebrides was the colonial-era name for the archipelago now known as Vanuatu. Britain and France governed it jointly as a condominium from 1906 until independence in 1980.

European colonization of Oceania: The expansion of European political control over Pacific islands from the sixteenth century onward. European competition in the Pacific set the stage for British and French claims.
Condominium (international law): A territory jointly governed by two or more states under an agreement. The New Hebrides was a rare colonial example of this form of shared sovereignty.
Walter Lini: A Vanuatu politician and Anglican priest who became the country’s first prime minister. He led the independence movement and headed the new government in 1980.
Vanuatu: An island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, independent since 1980. It is the sovereign state formed from the New Hebrides.
James Cook: A British naval officer and explorer whose Pacific voyages charted many islands. Cook named the archipelago the New Hebrides during his 1774 voyage.
British Residents in the New Hebrides: British officials who represented the United Kingdom in the New Hebrides condominium. They administered the British side of the territory’s parallel institutions.
Jimmy Stevens: A leader of the Nagriamel movement in the New Hebrides who opposed the independence government. His rebellion challenged the transition from condominium rule to independence.
Vanuatu independence movement: The political campaign that ended British-French rule and established Vanuatu as an independent state. It pressed for self-government under a system designed to divide authority.
Anglo-French rivalry: Competition between Britain and France for political, commercial, and imperial influence. Rival claims to the islands culminated in shared colonial administration.
French Residents in the New Hebrides: French officials who represented France in the New Hebrides condominium. They administered the French side alongside British officials.

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