Newfoundland and Labrador

Canada’s easternmost province comprises the island of Newfoundland, mainland Labrador, and smaller nearby islands. It joined Canada in 1949 after centuries of separate colonial and dominion history.

Dominion of Newfoundland: The self-governing country that existed from 1907 until it joined Canada in 1949. It was the immediate predecessor to the province on the island and in Labrador.
Newfoundland: An island in the North Atlantic and the largest island in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. It gives the province its name and holds most of its population.
Grand Banks of Newfoundland: A group of shallow underwater plateaus southeast of Newfoundland, among the world’s richest historic fishing grounds. Their cod fisheries supported coastal communities and international trade.
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador: The provincial capital and largest city, located on Newfoundland’s Avalon Peninsula. Its harbor and institutions anchor the province’s political and commercial life.
Quebec: A Canadian province east of Ontario, with a French-speaking majority and a distinct civil-law tradition. Quebec borders Labrador and is central to disputes over Labrador’s boundary and hydroelectric development.
Newfoundland Colony: A British colony established on the island of Newfoundland and later including Labrador. Colonial rule shaped the institutions that preceded the province.
Labrador: The mainland region of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador, bordering Quebec and the Atlantic Ocean. It is the province’s vast mainland counterpart to the island.
Atlantic cod: A large North Atlantic fish once central to commercial fisheries from Newfoundland to northern Europe. Cod fishing shaped the province’s economy for centuries before the fishery collapsed.
Gros Morne National Park: A national park on Newfoundland’s west coast known for fjords, mountains, and exposed mantle rock. Its landscape reveals geological processes that shaped the island.
Nova Scotia: A Canadian province on the Atlantic coast, consisting of a peninsula and Cape Breton Island. It joined Confederation in 1867, unlike Newfoundland and Labrador’s entry in 1949.

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