Newton's second law

Newton's second law relates the net force on a body to the rate of change of its momentum. For constant mass, it is commonly written as net force equals mass times acceleration.

Momentum: Momentum is the product of an object's mass and velocity, or more generally a measure of its motion. The law's general form specifies how net force changes momentum over time.
Mass: Mass measures an object's inertia and, in classical mechanics, its resistance to acceleration. At a fixed net force, greater mass means smaller acceleration.
Isaac Newton: Isaac Newton was an English mathematician and physicist who formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation. He stated the law in the 1687 Principia.
Projectile motion: Projectile motion is the motion of an object launched into the air and acted on primarily by gravity. Applying the law to gravity predicts the projectile's changing velocity and trajectory.
Newton's first law: Newton's first law states that an object maintains constant velocity when the net force on it is zero. It describes the zero-net-force case, while the second law quantifies nonzero force.
Net force: Net force is the vector sum of all forces acting on an object. Only the combined force determines the object's acceleration.
Vector: A vector is a quantity with magnitude and direction. Force, momentum, and acceleration must be combined with their directions intact.
Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica: Newton's 1687 work presented his laws of motion and theory of universal gravitation. It contains the original statement of the second law.
Friction: Friction is a force that resists relative motion or attempted motion between surfaces. Including friction in the net force explains why applied force may produce modest acceleration.
Newton's third law: Newton's third law states that interacting bodies exert equal and opposite forces on each other. It concerns paired interaction forces, not the motion response described by the second law.

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