Newton's third law

Forces between two interacting bodies occur in equal-magnitude, opposite-direction pairs, with each force acting on a different body.

Force: An interaction that changes or tends to change an object's motion, represented by a vector. The law describes how forces arise in pairs during interactions.
Newton's first law: An object's velocity remains constant unless a net external force acts on it. It explains why motion does not require an unbalanced force pair.
Action at a distance: A model in which objects exert forces on one another without an intervening local field. Field descriptions explain how force pairs operate across spatial separation.
Rocket propulsion: The production of thrust by expelling propellant from a rocket. The rocket gains forward momentum as its exhaust carries momentum backward.
Isaac Newton: An English mathematician and physicist who formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation. Newton stated this law in the 1687 Principia Mathematica.
Interaction (physics): A physical process in which objects or fields affect one another. Each force pair belongs to a single interaction between two bodies.
Newton's second law: An object's acceleration is proportional to its net force and inversely proportional to its mass. Together with the third law, it relates interaction forces to each body's acceleration.
Centripetal force: The net inward force that keeps an object moving along a curved path. It is a role played by a net force, not a special third-law partner.
Walking: Locomotion in which limbs push against a supporting surface to move the body. A foot pushes backward on the ground while the ground pushes it forward.
Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica: Isaac Newton's 1687 work presenting his laws of motion and universal gravitation. Its axioms and corollaries established the law's original formulation.

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