Nickel–metal hydride battery

A rechargeable battery whose negative electrode stores hydrogen in a metal alloy and whose positive electrode uses nickel oxyhydroxide. It is known for high capacity and tolerance of repeated cycling.

Nickel–metal hydride battery chemistry: The reversible electrode reactions that store hydrogen in an alloy and convert nickel hydroxide to nickel oxyhydroxide. These coupled reactions determine how this battery stores and releases electrical energy.
Negative electrode: The electrode at which reduction occurs during a galvanic cell's discharge. In this battery, the negative electrode is a hydrogen-absorbing alloy rather than metallic cadmium or lithium.
Hybrid electric vehicle: A vehicle propelled by an internal-combustion engine and an electric motor supplied by a rechargeable battery. Nickel–metal hydride packs became a durable choice for many early mass-market hybrid vehicles.
Nickel–cadmium battery: A rechargeable battery with nickel oxyhydroxide and a cadmium-based negative electrode. It shares nickel-based positive chemistry but uses toxic cadmium and has lower typical capacity.
Stanford R. Ovshinsky: An American inventor who developed amorphous materials and founded Energy Conversion Devices. His work on hydrogen-absorbing alloys helped make practical nickel–metal hydride batteries possible.
Metal hydride: A compound or alloy phase in which hydrogen occupies sites within a metal lattice. The negative electrode stores hydrogen through reversible formation of a metal hydride.
Positive electrode: The electrode at which reduction occurs during a galvanic cell's discharge. Its nickel-based active material links this chemistry to other nickel rechargeable cells.
Toyota Prius: A series-parallel hybrid passenger car introduced by Toyota in 1997. Its early generations made nickel–metal hydride batteries familiar in commercial hybrid cars.
Lithium-ion battery: A rechargeable battery that stores energy through lithium-ion movement between host materials. It generally offers greater energy density, while nickel–metal hydride avoids lithium-based cell chemistry.
Energy Conversion Devices: An American company founded by Stanford R. Ovshinsky to commercialize energy technologies. It developed and licensed key metal-hydride battery technology.

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