Knowra Nicolás Maduro Nicolás Maduro Nicolás Maduro is a Venezuelan politician who became president in 2013 after Hugo Chávez’s death. His governments have faced prolonged economic collapse, mass emigration, and disputes over electoral legitimacy.
Hugo Chávez : Hugo Chávez was Venezuela’s president from 1999 until his death in 2013 and founded the Bolivarian movement. Chávez selected Maduro as his preferred successor shortly before his death.
Venezuelan crisis : The Venezuelan crisis is a prolonged political, economic, and humanitarian breakdown that intensified during the 2010s. The crisis deepened under Maduro amid economic contraction, shortages, and political repression.
United Socialist Party of Venezuela : The United Socialist Party of Venezuela is the governing socialist party founded by Hugo Chávez in 2007. The party organizes Maduro’s political base and dominates Venezuela’s executive and legislative politics.
Bolivarian Revolution : The Bolivarian Revolution is the political process begun under Hugo Chávez that sought to reshape Venezuela through socialist policies and constitutional change. Maduro inherited the movement’s institutions, rhetoric, and political coalition.
Cilia Flores : Cilia Flores is a Venezuelan lawyer and politician who has held senior government and party roles. Maduro’s wife, Flores has been a prominent political figure in his governing circle.
Venezuelan migration and diaspora : Venezuelan migration and diaspora describe the large-scale displacement of Venezuelans and communities formed abroad. Millions left Venezuela during Maduro’s presidency, creating a regional humanitarian and political challenge.
National Electoral Council of Venezuela : The National Electoral Council is Venezuela’s authority responsible for organizing and certifying elections. Its handling of election results has been central to disputes over Maduro’s legitimacy.
Venezuelan presidential election, 2013 : Venezuela’s 2013 presidential election was a snap election held after Hugo Chávez’s death, narrowly won by Nicolás Maduro. The vote gave Maduro his first presidential mandate, though the opposition disputed its result.
Juan Guaidó : Juan Guaidó is a Venezuelan opposition politician who declared himself interim president in 2019. Guaidó’s rival claim to the presidency challenged Maduro’s authority internationally.
United States sanctions against Venezuela : United States sanctions against Venezuela are economic and diplomatic restrictions imposed on Venezuelan officials and state entities. Washington expanded sanctions during Maduro’s rule, citing authoritarianism and disputed elections.
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