Nicomedia

An ancient city in northwestern Asia Minor, near modern İzmit, that became a capital of the Roman Empire under Diocletian.

Bithynia: An ancient region in northwestern Asia Minor along the southern shore of the Black Sea. Nicomedia became Bithynia’s leading city and later its provincial capital.
Tetrarchy: Diocletian’s system of rule in which two senior emperors and two junior emperors shared authority. The divided imperial government made Nicomedia Diocletian’s principal eastern residence.
Great Persecution: The empire-wide persecution of Christians begun under Diocletian and his co-emperors in 303. Imperial measures associated with Nicomedia made the city central to the persecution’s opening.
Roman imperial capital: A city serving as a principal seat of government for a Roman emperor and imperial administration. Nicomedia was one of the empire’s leading imperial residences before Constantinople’s rise.
Nicomedes I of Bithynia: A Hellenistic king of Bithynia who founded Nicomedia in the third century BCE. The city took its name from the ruler who established it.
Diocletian: Roman emperor from 284 to 305 who reorganized imperial government and established the Tetrarchy. He made Nicomedia a major center of imperial administration.
Edict of Milan: The agreement issued by Constantine and Licinius in 313 granting religious toleration in the Roman Empire. It reversed the persecution that had begun under the rulers based at Nicomedia.
Byzantine Empire: The medieval continuation of the Roman Empire centered on Constantinople. Nicomedia remained within the eastern Roman world after imperial government shifted westward from the city.
Marmara Region: A region of northwestern Turkey surrounding the Sea of Marmara. Nicomedia’s position connected the region’s inland routes with the Bosporus.
Roman road network: The interconnected system of roads built and maintained across the Roman Empire. Roads linked Nicomedia with the capital, frontier armies, and provincial centers.

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