Nicotinamide

Nicotinamide is a water-soluble form of vitamin B3 and a precursor to NAD and NADP, coenzymes used in cellular metabolism.

Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase: An enzyme that converts nicotinamide into nicotinamide mononucleotide in the NAD salvage pathway. It catalyzes the rate-limiting step in recycling nicotinamide to NAD.
Niacin: A collective name for nicotinic acid and nicotinamide, forms of vitamin B3. Nicotinamide is one of the two principal chemical forms grouped under this vitamin name.
Pellagra: A disease caused by niacin deficiency, classically marked by dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. Nicotinamide can prevent or treat this deficiency disease by supplying vitamin B3.
Niacin flush: A temporary skin-warming and reddening reaction commonly caused by pharmacological doses of nicotinic acid. Nicotinamide generally does not cause the characteristic flush associated with nicotinic acid.
Nicotinamide mononucleotide: A nucleotide intermediate in the synthesis of NAD from nicotinamide. It is the product formed when nicotinamide enters the principal salvage pathway.
Nicotinic acid: A form of vitamin B3 that can be converted into NAD through a distinct biosynthetic route. It shares vitamin activity with nicotinamide but uses a different entry route to NAD.
Nicotinamide and skin cancer prevention: The clinical use of oral nicotinamide to reduce new nonmelanoma skin cancers in high-risk patients. A clinical trial found fewer new skin cancers during treatment among people with prior lesions.
Nicotinamide riboside chloride: A chloride salt of nicotinamide riboside used as a dietary supplement ingredient. Despite the similar name, this is a distinct NAD precursor rather than nicotinamide itself.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide: A coenzyme that transfers electrons in redox reactions and serves as a substrate for signaling enzymes. Nicotinamide supplies the vitamin-derived ring in this central metabolic coenzyme.
Nicotinamide riboside: A nucleoside form of vitamin B3 that can be converted into NAD. It is a related NAD precursor whose pathway bypasses the first salvage step used by nicotinamide.

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