Nigerian nationalism

Nigerian nationalism comprises movements and ideas that sought self-government and political independence for Nigeria, shaped by regional identities, colonial rule, and debates over a shared nation.

Lagos Colony: A British colony established around Lagos in 1861 and later incorporated into colonial Nigeria. Lagos became an early center of political organizing and anticolonial criticism.
Nnamdi Azikiwe: A Nigerian journalist and politician who led the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons and became Nigeria’s first president. His journalism and political leadership helped popularize mass anticolonial mobilization.
National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons: A Nigerian political organization founded in 1944 to pursue constitutional reform and self-government. It coordinated nationalist advocacy across regions and became a major vehicle for constitutional politics.
Nigeria First Republic: Nigeria’s parliamentary republic from independence in 1960 until the military coup of 1966. Its political institutions tested the nationalist project of governing a unified independent state.
Amalgamation of Nigeria: The 1914 joining of the Northern and Southern Nigeria protectorates under one British administration. The union created the colonial territory whose political unity nationalists contested and reimagined.
Obafemi Awolowo: A Nigerian nationalist and politician who founded the Action Group and became premier of Western Nigeria. He organized a major regional party and advocated federal self-government.
Action Group: A Nigerian political party founded in 1951 and led by Obafemi Awolowo. Its regional organization and federal program influenced negotiations over Nigeria’s political structure.
Nigerian Civil War: A war from 1967 to 1970 between Nigeria and the secessionist Republic of Biafra. The war exposed unresolved tensions between national unity and regional self-determination.
Nigerian Youth Movement: A Nigerian political organization founded in 1934 that initially campaigned for educational and constitutional reform. It widened nationalist politics beyond the earlier Lagos-based elite.
Ahmadu Bello: A Nigerian political leader who became premier of Northern Nigeria and founded the Northern People’s Congress. His northern political program shaped the regional negotiations preceding independence.

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