Nikolay Zhukovsky

Nikolay Zhukovsky (1847–1921) was a Russian mathematician and engineer whose analyses of fluid flow and wing lift helped establish modern aerodynamics.

Circulation (fluid dynamics): A measure of the net rotational flow around a closed curve in a fluid. Zhukovsky related circulation around a wing to its lift.
Joukowski transformation: A complex-variable mapping that transforms a circle into airfoil-like shapes. Zhukovsky used this mapping to construct theoretical airfoil profiles.
Moscow State University: A Russian public research university founded in Moscow in 1755. Zhukovsky studied and later taught mathematics there.
Sergei Chaplygin: A Russian mathematician and physicist known for work in fluid mechanics and aerodynamics. Chaplygin continued and expanded the mathematical aerodynamics associated with Zhukovsky’s school.
TsAGI: The common abbreviation for the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute, Russia’s principal aerospace research institute. The institute institutionalized the research program Zhukovsky helped launch.
Kutta–Joukowski theorem: A theorem relating circulation around a body in two-dimensional flow to the lift force per unit span. It states the lift relation associated with Zhukovsky’s aerodynamic work.
Conformal mapping: A transformation of the plane that preserves angles locally wherever it is differentiable and nonsingular. It provides the mathematical method behind the Joukowski airfoil construction.
Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute: A Russian aerospace research institute founded in 1918 and commonly known as TsAGI. Zhukovsky helped establish the institute and became its first head.
Vladimir Vetchinkin: A Russian and Soviet scientist who worked in aerodynamics and aviation engineering. He was among Zhukovsky’s students and helped develop Soviet aviation science.
Wind tunnel: A facility that produces controlled airflow for testing objects and measuring aerodynamic effects. Experimental wind tunnels tested and refined theories of wing flow and lift.

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