Nineveh

Nineveh was an ancient Assyrian city on the Tigris River near modern Mosul, Iraq. It became the Neo-Assyrian Empire’s capital and flourished under King Sennacherib.

Assyria: An ancient Near Eastern kingdom and empire centered in northern Mesopotamia. Nineveh became the leading capital of Assyria during its imperial expansion.
Tigris: A major river flowing southeast through Turkey and Iraq to the Persian Gulf. Nineveh stood on its eastern bank, near the river’s confluence with the Khosr.
Library of Ashurbanipal: A royal collection of cuneiform tablets assembled at Nineveh by the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal. Its tablets preserve literary and scholarly works gathered in the city.
Austen Henry Layard: A British archaeologist and diplomat whose excavations uncovered major Assyrian sites in the nineteenth century. His excavations at Kuyunjik brought Nineveh’s palaces and reliefs to wider attention.
Neo-Assyrian Empire: An empire that dominated much of the ancient Near East from the tenth to seventh centuries BCE. Nineveh served as its capital during the empire’s height.
Kuyunjik: A mound in northern Iraq covering the principal palace and temple remains of ancient Nineveh. Its archaeological layers contain the city’s major royal buildings.
Ashurbanipal: An Assyrian king who ruled from 668 to about 631 BCE and collected texts at Nineveh. His reign made Nineveh a center of royal scholarship and monumental art.
George Smith (Assyriologist): A British Assyriologist who translated cuneiform tablets in the nineteenth century. His work on tablets from Nineveh revealed a Mesopotamian flood narrative resembling the biblical account.
Sennacherib: An Assyrian king who ruled from 705 to 681 BCE and made Nineveh his principal capital. He greatly enlarged the city and established major royal works there.
Nineveh city walls: The extensive fortification system that enclosed ancient Nineveh. Their gates and ramparts marked the scale and defenses of the Assyrian capital.

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