Knowra Nipah virus infection Nipah virus infection Nipah virus infection is a zoonotic disease caused by Nipah virus. It can cause respiratory illness, severe encephalitis, or both, and can spread from person to person.
Nipah virus : A henipavirus that infects humans and other mammals, causing severe disease in some cases. The virus enters through exposure to infected animals, contaminated food, or infectious people.
Fruit bats : Bats that feed mainly on fruit, nectar, or pollen; some species carry zoonotic pathogens. Fruit bats are the natural reservoir of Nipah virus.
Nipah virus diagnosis : Laboratory identification of Nipah virus infection using molecular or antibody-based tests. Clinical signs overlap with other illnesses, so confirmation requires specialized testing.
Nipah outbreak in Bangladesh : Recurring outbreaks of Nipah virus infection in Bangladesh, first recognized in 2001. These outbreaks have often followed consumption of contaminated raw date palm sap.
Zoonosis : An infectious disease that passes naturally between animals and humans. Nipah infection begins through animal-to-human transmission.
Nipah outbreak in Malaysia : The 1998–1999 outbreak of Nipah virus infection among people in Malaysia and Singapore. The first recognized outbreak was linked to infected pigs and exposure on farms.
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction : A laboratory method that detects RNA by converting it to DNA and amplifying selected sequences. RT-PCR can detect Nipah viral RNA in clinical specimens during acute infection.
Nipah outbreak in Kerala : Outbreaks of Nipah virus infection in the Indian state of Kerala, beginning in 2018. Kerala’s outbreaks demonstrate how rapid case detection and contact tracing can contain spread.
Encephalitis : Inflammation of brain tissue, often caused by infection or an immune response. Nipah can invade the central nervous system and cause severe brain inflammation.
Pigs : Domesticated mammals raised for meat and other products, susceptible to Nipah virus infection. In the Malaysian outbreak, pigs amplified transmission from bats to people.
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