Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

An annual international award recognizing discoveries in physiology or medicine that have substantially benefited humanity. It is one of the Nobel Prizes established by Alfred Nobel's will.

Alfred Nobel: A Swedish chemist, engineer, and inventor whose will established the Nobel Prizes. His 1895 will created a prize for discoveries in physiology or medicine.
Nobel Prize nomination: A confidential proposal of a candidate for consideration for a Nobel Prize. Eligible nominators submit candidates before the annual evaluation begins.
Insulin: A hormone that lowers blood glucose by regulating its uptake and storage in the body. Frederick Banting and John Macleod received the 1923 prize for its discovery.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry: An annual Nobel award recognizing achievements in chemistry. Research at the boundary of chemistry and biology may fit either prize category.
Nobel Foundation: A private Swedish foundation that administers the Nobel Prizes and manages their shared finances. It oversees the shared assets and framework supporting this prize.
Nobel Prize deliberations: The confidential evaluations and discussions through which Nobel committees choose laureates. Experts assess nominated work before the Nobel Assembly decides.
Penicillin: A group of antibiotics first derived from the mold Penicillium, effective against many bacterial infections. Alexander Fleming shared the 1945 prize for its discovery and effects.
Nobel Prize in Physics: An annual Nobel award recognizing achievements in physics. Its focus on physical science distinguishes it from the medicine prize’s remit.
Karolinska Institute: A Swedish medical university and research institution based in Stockholm. Its Nobel Assembly selects the laureates in physiology or medicine.
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureates: The individuals recognized with the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The award may be shared by up to three people for a discovery.

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