Knowra Nobel Prize Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes are annual international awards recognizing contributions in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace; the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel is awarded alongside them.
Alfred Nobel : Swedish chemist, engineer, inventor, and industrialist who established the Nobel Prizes through his will. His 1895 will directed his fortune toward prizes for contributions benefiting humanity.
Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet : A body of professors at Karolinska Institutet that awards the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. It selects laureates in the medical field rather than the Nobel Foundation.
Nobel Prize controversy : Disputes over Nobel Prize selections, omissions, eligibility, or the consequences of honoring particular recipients. Contested decisions expose the judgments and values behind prize selection.
Fields Medal : An international mathematics award given every four years to mathematicians under 40. Unlike the Nobel Prizes, it recognizes mathematics and imposes an age limit.
Nobel Foundation : A private Swedish foundation that administers Nobel assets and coordinates the Nobel Prize institutions. It safeguards the endowment and handles shared administrative responsibilities.
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences : A Swedish scientific academy that awards the Nobel Prizes in Physics and Chemistry and the economics prize. It decides three prize fields, including the later economics award.
Nobel Prize in absentia : A Nobel Prize awarded to a recipient who cannot or does not attend the ceremony. Some laureates have been unable to accept publicly because of imprisonment or political pressure.
Turing Award : An annual award recognizing major contributions to computing, presented by the Association for Computing Machinery. It honors computing, a field absent from Nobel’s original prize categories.
Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel : A prize in economic sciences established by Sweden’s central bank in 1968 and first awarded in 1969. It was added long after Nobel’s will and is funded by the Riksbank.
Swedish Academy : A Swedish cultural institution responsible for awarding the Nobel Prize in Literature. Its members assess literary work and select that field’s laureates.
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