Knowra Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease A spectrum of liver conditions involving excess fat in the liver when alcohol consumption is not sufficient to explain it. It ranges from simple steatosis to inflammatory injury, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer.
Hepatic steatosis : Excess fat accumulation within liver cells. It is the defining liver change at the start of this disease spectrum.
Metabolic syndrome : A cluster of abdominal obesity, abnormal blood lipids, elevated blood pressure, and impaired glucose regulation. Its features commonly accompany this liver disease and help explain its metabolic setting.
FIB-4 index : A blood-test-based score using age, AST, ALT, and platelet count to estimate liver fibrosis risk. It is commonly used as an initial, noninvasive fibrosis assessment.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease : A newer name for steatotic liver disease associated with at least one cardiometabolic risk factor. It replaces the exclusion-based NAFLD label in much current clinical terminology.
Steatohepatitis : Liver inflammation and cell injury occurring alongside steatosis. This inflammatory form marks progression beyond fat accumulation alone.
Type 2 diabetes : A chronic disorder in which insulin resistance and inadequate insulin action raise blood glucose. It is a frequent comorbidity and increases risk of progressive liver injury.
Liver function tests : Blood tests measuring substances associated with liver injury, synthesis, and bile processing. Abnormal enzyme levels may prompt evaluation, but normal results do not exclude advanced disease.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis : Steatohepatitis occurring with cardiometabolic risk factors, termed MASH in updated nomenclature. This newer label corresponds broadly to the inflammatory disease formerly called NASH.
Liver fibrosis : Excess extracellular matrix deposited in the liver after chronic injury. Repeated injury can produce scar tissue, which predicts later complications.
Obesity : A chronic condition involving excess body fat that can impair health. Excess adiposity is a major risk factor, though the disease also occurs without it.
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