Knowra Non-discrimination Non-discrimination Non-discrimination is the principle that people must not be denied rights or equal treatment on prohibited grounds. It allows distinctions only when they meet applicable legal standards.
Disparate treatment : Disparate treatment is intentional unequal treatment because of a protected characteristic. It is the direct form of discrimination the principle forbids.
Equality : Equality is the principle that people have equal worth and should receive equal status, rights, or opportunities. Non-discrimination is one way legal systems give practical force to equality.
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights : The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is a United Nations treaty protecting civil and political rights. Its equality guarantees prohibit discrimination in the enjoyment of protected rights.
Equality of opportunity : Equality of opportunity means people should have fair access to positions, resources, and advancement. It concerns access and prospects, while non-discrimination prohibits specified grounds for unequal treatment.
Disparate impact : Disparate impact occurs when a neutral rule disproportionately harms a protected group without requiring proof of discriminatory intent. It shows how facially neutral policies can violate non-discrimination standards.
Human rights : Human rights are basic entitlements and freedoms held by every person. Non-discrimination governs access to the rights recognized in human-rights law.
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights : The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights is a United Nations treaty protecting economic, social, and cultural rights. It requires rights in its scope to be exercised without discrimination.
Affirmative action : Affirmative action comprises measures designed to address underrepresentation or historical disadvantage among specified groups. Its preferential measures raise questions about how remedial distinctions fit non-discrimination rules.
Protected characteristic : A protected characteristic is a personal attribute that law shields from discrimination, such as race, sex, or disability. Legal protections apply to distinctions made on these prohibited grounds.
Protected class : A protected class is a group shielded from discrimination by a particular law. The term identifies groups covered by many domestic anti-discrimination statutes.
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