Nondualism

Nondualism is the view that reality, consciousness, or ultimate truth is not fundamentally divided into subject and object, self and world, or other opposites.

Subject–object distinction: The distinction between an experiencing subject and the object of its experience. Nondualism questions whether experience is fundamentally divided into these two poles.
Advaita Vedanta: A Hindu philosophical tradition that teaches the ultimate identity of Atman and Brahman. It is a major systematic tradition of nondual metaphysics.
Nihilism: The view that existence, values, or knowledge lack meaning or foundation. Nondualism challenges ordinary divisions without necessarily denying existence or meaning.
Meditation: A family of practices that train attention, awareness, or mental habits. Some practices investigate the felt division between awareness and its contents.
Dualism: The view that reality consists of two fundamentally distinct kinds or principles. It provides the clearest contrast with nondual claims about ultimate reality.
Kashmir Shaivism: A Hindu tantric tradition that identifies reality with the self-aware consciousness of Shiva. Its nondual account treats the world as a real manifestation of consciousness.
Pantheism: The view that God and the universe are identical. Nondualism need not identify the divine with the universe.
Self-inquiry: A contemplative method that investigates the nature of the self through direct examination. Advaita Vedanta uses it to question the assumption of a separate subject.
Monism: The view that reality is ultimately one kind of thing or grounded in one principle. Nondualism can resemble monism, though unity need not mean a single substance.
Madhyamaka: A Buddhist philosophical tradition that analyzes phenomena as empty of inherent existence. Its critique of fixed subject and object differs from claims of an ultimate underlying unity.

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