Nonogram

A grid-based logic puzzle in which numbered clues give the lengths of consecutive filled-cell runs in each row and column, revealing a picture.

Run-length encoding: A data-compression method that represents consecutive repeated values by their value and run length. Each clue records the lengths of consecutive filled-cell runs.
Grid: A two-dimensional arrangement of cells in rows and columns. Nonograms assign a binary state to each cell in this rectangular layout.
Picross: A Japanese puzzle-game series built around solving nonograms to reveal pixel-art images. It brought the puzzle format to handheld and console games.
Non Ishida: A Japanese graphic designer associated with the creation and popularization of nonogram puzzles. Her picture-cross puzzles helped establish the format.
Sudoku: A number-placement puzzle in which rows, columns, and regions must contain each digit once. Both use intersecting constraints, but Sudoku places digits rather than reconstructing a binary image.
Constraint satisfaction problem: A problem defined by variables, possible values, and constraints that restrict valid combinations. Every row and column imposes constraints on shared cell values.
Binary variable: A variable that can take exactly one of two values, commonly represented as zero and one. Each cell represents one of two states: filled or empty.
Paint by Number: A picture-completion activity in which numbered regions specify which colors to apply. It also reveals an image, but its numbers label regions rather than encode line runs.
Tetsuya Nishio: A Japanese puzzle creator credited with independently developing a similar picture-logic puzzle. His work forms a separate strand in the puzzle’s early history.
Kakuro: A crossword-like arithmetic puzzle in which digit runs must satisfy given sums. Its clues constrain sums, while nonogram clues constrain lengths of filled runs.

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