Nonviolent resistance

Collective opposition to authority or policy through methods such as protest, noncooperation, and civil disobedience, rather than physical violence.

Civil disobedience: Deliberate, public lawbreaking to oppose a law or policy, typically with willingness to accept legal consequences. It turns resistance into an open breach of rules whose legitimacy is being challenged.
Indian independence movement: The anticolonial movement that ended British rule in India in 1947. Gandhi and other organizers used mass noncooperation and civil disobedience against colonial rule.
Mohandas Gandhi: An Indian anticolonial leader who made satyagraha central to campaigns against British rule. His campaigns helped establish mass noncooperation as a prominent strategy against colonial authority.
Pacifism: A commitment to oppose war or violence, often as a moral or political principle. Nonviolent resistance is a strategy of opposition; pacifism is a broader stance toward violence.
3.5% rule: A proposed empirical pattern linking participation by about 3.5% of a population in campaigns to the success of maximalist nonviolent movements. It is often cited to explain how broad participation may help campaigns overcome repression.
Boycott: A coordinated refusal to buy, use, or participate in something to exert pressure. Withholding customers, labor, or participation can impose costs without physical force.
Salt March: A 1930 march led by Mohandas Gandhi to protest British control of salt production and taxation in India. It made civil disobedience visible through a direct challenge to colonial salt laws.
Martin Luther King Jr.: An American minister and civil rights leader who advocated nonviolent direct action against racial segregation. His leadership connected disciplined protest with campaigns for Black civil and voting rights.
Armed resistance: Organized opposition to authority that uses weapons or physical force. It contrasts with campaigns that seek change through nonviolent action rather than armed force.
Political opportunity structure: The features of a political environment that shape the prospects for collective action. Openings and constraints affect whether nonviolent pressure can translate into political change.

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