North America

A continent in the Northern and Western Hemispheres, extending from the Arctic to the Isthmus of Panama and including nearby islands.

Central America: The land bridge connecting North and South America, extending from Guatemala to Panama. Its narrow southern reach connects the continent to South America at the Isthmus of Panama.
South America: A continent primarily in the Southern Hemisphere, extending from the Caribbean coast to Cape Horn. The two continents meet at the narrow land bridge of Panama.
Canada: A country occupying most of northern North America, from the Atlantic to the Pacific and Arctic oceans. It spans much of the continent’s northern half.
Laurentia: An ancient continental core that underlies much of present-day North America. This craton forms the geological foundation of much of the continent.
Great American Biotic Interchange: The exchange of animal and plant species between North and South America after the Isthmus of Panama formed. The new land connection enabled large-scale movement between the continents.
Caribbean: A region encompassing the Caribbean Sea, its islands, and surrounding coasts. Its islands and sea form a major part of North America’s southeastern geography.
Arctic Ocean: The smallest and northernmost of Earth’s five oceans, centered on the North Pole. It borders North America’s northernmost shores and islands.
United States: A federal republic in North America comprising fifty states and several territories. It occupies a large central portion of the continent.
North American Plate: A tectonic plate carrying most of North America and parts of the Atlantic and Arctic seafloors. Its movements shaped the continent’s geological structure and boundaries.
Bering Land Bridge: A now-submerged land connection between northeastern Asia and northwestern North America during periods of low sea level. It provided a route for human and animal movement into the continent.

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