Knowra North American Free Trade Agreement North American Free Trade Agreement The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was a trade pact among Canada, Mexico, and the United States, in force from 1994 until its replacement by the USMCA in 2020.
Tariff : A tax imposed on imported or exported goods. NAFTA phased out tariffs on most trade among its three member countries.
North American automotive industry : The interconnected vehicle manufacturing sector spanning Canada, Mexico, and the United States. NAFTA encouraged production networks in which parts crossed borders repeatedly before assembly.
Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement : A 1988 trade agreement between Canada and the United States, in force from 1989. NAFTA extended a continental trade project that had begun with this bilateral pact.
United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement : A trade agreement among Canada, Mexico, and the United States that replaced NAFTA in 2020. The USMCA retained continental trade integration but revised rules on labor, automobiles, and dispute settlement.
Rules of origin : Criteria that determine where a product was made for purposes of trade policy. NAFTA used these rules to decide which goods qualified for preferential tariff treatment.
Maquiladora : A Mexican factory that imports materials for assembly or processing and exports finished goods. NAFTA-era integration expanded cross-border manufacturing, alongside Mexico’s earlier maquiladora system.
Carlos Salinas de Gortari : Mexico’s president from 1988 to 1994, whose government negotiated NAFTA. Salinas made the agreement a centerpiece of Mexico’s economic opening.
Trans-Pacific Partnership : A multilateral trade agreement originally negotiated by twelve Pacific Rim countries, including the United States. It offered a wider Pacific trade framework that the United States pursued while NAFTA remained in force.
Investor-state dispute settlement : A process allowing foreign investors to bring claims against host governments under investment agreements. NAFTA’s Chapter 11 created a route for investors to challenge certain government measures.
North American Free Trade Agreement and employment : The study of how NAFTA affected employment, wages, and the distribution of work across its member countries. Claims about factory relocation and job creation became central to the agreement’s public debate.
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