North Sinai Governorate

North Sinai Governorate is an administrative region in northeastern Egypt, covering the northern part of the Sinai Peninsula along the Mediterranean Sea.

Arish: A coastal city in Egypt and the capital of North Sinai Governorate. The governorate’s administrative center and largest city is Arish.
Egypt–Gaza border: The international boundary separating Egypt from the Gaza Strip. North Sinai contains the Egyptian side of this sensitive border.
Sinai Peninsula under Israeli occupation: The period from 1967 to 1982 when Israel controlled the Sinai Peninsula after the Six-Day War. Israeli control interrupted Egyptian administration of the area now governed as North Sinai.
Sinai agriculture: Crop and livestock production adapted to the arid conditions of Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula. Farming in North Sinai depends on limited water and local soil conditions.
Sinai human rights situation: The record of civilian rights and protections amid conflict and security operations in Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula. Military campaigns and militant violence have raised serious concerns for North Sinai residents.
Mediterranean Sea: The sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean by the Strait of Gibraltar and bordered by southern Europe, northern Africa, and western Asia. Its southern coast forms North Sinai’s northern boundary.
Rafah Border Crossing: A crossing between Egypt and the Gaza Strip near the city of Rafah. It is a key route for regulated movement across North Sinai’s eastern border.
Camp David Accords: The 1978 agreements between Egypt and Israel that established a framework for peace and Israeli withdrawal from Sinai. They set the framework for returning the peninsula to Egyptian sovereignty.
Arish International Airport: An airport serving Arish, the capital of North Sinai Governorate. It provides air access to the governorate’s principal city.
Forced displacement in North Sinai: The removal of residents from parts of North Sinai amid security operations and border-zone measures. Displacement has changed settlement patterns and disrupted local livelihoods.

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