Northern California

Northern California is the northern portion of the U.S. state of California. Its boundaries vary among geographic, cultural, administrative, and economic definitions.

California: California is a U.S. state on the Pacific coast, bordered by Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona. Northern California is a regional division within the state.
San Francisco Bay Area: The San Francisco Bay Area is a metropolitan region surrounding San Francisco Bay in California. It is a major population and economic center commonly included in Northern California.
Northern California counties: Northern California counties are county groupings used by agencies and organizations to define the state's northern region. Different groupings demonstrate that the region's practical boundaries depend on institutional purpose.
Central California: Central California is a loosely defined region in the middle portion of the U.S. state of California. Its boundary with Northern California shifts depending on whether geography or local identity is emphasized.
Sierra Nevada: The Sierra Nevada is a mountain range in the eastern part of California and western Nevada. Its crest forms a major physical boundary across parts of the region.
Sacramento Valley: The Sacramento Valley is the northern part of California's Central Valley, drained chiefly by the Sacramento River. It is a distinct agricultural and urban subregion within many regional definitions.
California regional water planning: California regional water planning coordinates water management across geographic and administrative regions of the state. Water systems cross regional lines, making boundary choices consequential for management.
Southern California: Southern California is the southern portion of California, commonly centered on Los Angeles and San Diego. It is the state's other major regional identity, contrasted with Northern California in culture and governance.
Cascade Range: The Cascade Range is a volcanic mountain chain extending from northern California to British Columbia. Its southern reach shapes the region's northeastern landscapes.
North Coast (California): California's North Coast is the coastal stretch north of the San Francisco Bay Area, including counties near the Oregon border. Its forests and small coastal communities represent a less urban part of the region.

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