Northern Ireland

Northern Ireland is a constituent country of the United Kingdom occupying the northeastern part of the island of Ireland. Its devolved institutions share power between unionist and nationalist communities.

Partition of Ireland: The 1921 division of Ireland into Northern Ireland and the Irish Free State, later called the Republic of Ireland. It created Northern Ireland as a separate political entity within the United Kingdom.
Northern Ireland Assembly: The devolved legislature of Northern Ireland, based at Stormont in Belfast. It makes laws on many domestic matters under devolution.
Republic of Ireland: A sovereign state occupying most of the island of Ireland, officially named Ireland. It shares an island with Northern Ireland but is an independent state outside the UK.
James Craig, 1st Viscount Craigavon: A unionist politician who became Northern Ireland’s first prime minister in 1921. He led the new Northern Ireland government through its formative years.
The Troubles: A conflict from the late 1960s to 1998 involving republican and loyalist paramilitaries and state forces in Northern Ireland. The conflict transformed society and made a political settlement urgent.
Government of Ireland Act 1920: A British law that provided for separate parliaments in Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland. It supplied the legal framework for partition and Northern Ireland’s first parliament.
Northern Ireland Executive: Northern Ireland’s power-sharing government, led by a First Minister and deputy First Minister. It puts Assembly policy into effect through shared executive authority.
Great Britain: The island containing England, Scotland, and Wales. Northern Ireland is part of the United Kingdom but lies outside Great Britain.
John Hume: An Irish nationalist politician and Nobel Peace Prize laureate who helped advance a peaceful settlement in Northern Ireland. His political work helped build support for the peace process and the Good Friday Agreement.
Irish border: The boundary separating Northern Ireland from the Republic of Ireland. Its status became a central political and practical issue after Brexit.

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