Nouri al-Maliki

Nouri al-Maliki is an Iraqi politician who served as prime minister from 2006 to 2014 and led the Islamic Dawa Party.

Islamic Dawa Party: An Iraqi Shiite Islamist political party founded in 1957. Al-Maliki rose through the party and led it while serving as prime minister.
Iraqi Council of Representatives: Iraq’s elected national legislature, which passes laws and approves the government. Al-Maliki depended on parliamentary coalitions to form and retain his governments.
Iraqi insurgency: Armed resistance to the post-2003 Iraqi government and foreign forces. Insurgent violence tested al-Maliki’s governments and their security strategy.
Iraqi Kurdistan: The autonomous Kurdish region in northern Iraq, governed by the Kurdistan Regional Government. Recurring disputes over oil, territory, and authority strained its relationship with al-Maliki’s central government.
Iraq War: The 2003 invasion of Iraq and the ensuing conflict that toppled Saddam Hussein’s government. The invasion created the political order in which al-Maliki entered national leadership.
Iraqi National Alliance: A coalition of predominantly Shiite parties that contested Iraq’s 2010 parliamentary election. Its negotiations helped secure al-Maliki’s second term after a closely contested election.
Iraq War troop surge of 2007: A 2007 increase in U.S. forces in Iraq accompanied by a revised counterinsurgency strategy. The surge coincided with al-Maliki’s first term and changed the security environment he governed.
Muqtada al-Sadr: An Iraqi Shiite cleric and political leader who heads the Sadrist movement. Al-Sadr’s movement became a major rival to al-Maliki within Shiite politics.
Iraqi Governing Council: A transitional Iraqi body established under the Coalition Provisional Authority in 2003. Al-Maliki served on this council before becoming prime minister.
Iraqi Security Forces: The military, police, and other state security bodies of Iraq. Al-Maliki expanded executive influence over security institutions during his premiership.

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