Nuclear envelope

The nuclear envelope is a double membrane surrounding a eukaryotic cell’s nucleus. Nuclear pores perforate it, regulating exchange between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Nuclear pore complex: A large protein assembly spanning the nuclear envelope that controls transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm. These assemblies form the envelope’s selective gateways.
Nuclear membrane: Either of the two lipid bilayers that make up the nuclear envelope. The inner and outer membranes differ in composition and connections.
Nuclear envelope breakdown: The disassembly of the nuclear envelope during open mitosis. Its temporary loss gives spindle microtubules access to chromosomes.
Chromatin organization: The spatial arrangement of DNA and associated proteins within a cell nucleus. Interactions with the inner envelope help position and regulate parts of the genome.
Nuclear transport: The regulated movement of proteins, RNA, and other molecules into and out of the nucleus. It describes the exchange the envelope controls.
Endoplasmic reticulum: A membrane-bound network involved in protein and lipid synthesis and intracellular transport. The outer nuclear membrane is continuous with this membrane network.
Nuclear envelope reformation: The assembly of new nuclear envelopes around daughter chromosomes after mitosis. Membranes and pore components rebuild the boundary at the end of division.
Lamina-associated domain: A genomic region that associates with the nuclear lamina, often showing low transcriptional activity. These domains connect nuclear architecture to gene regulation.
Nuclear lamina: A meshwork of intermediate filament proteins lining the inner nuclear membrane. It supports the envelope and helps organize chromatin beneath it.
Lipid bilayer: A sheet of two lipid layers that forms the basic structure of cellular membranes. Each of the envelope’s two membranes is built from a lipid bilayer.

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