Nucleon magnetic moment

A nucleon magnetic moment is the intrinsic magnetic dipole moment of a proton or neutron, produced by its spin and internal quark structure. The neutron’s nonzero moment reflects its charged constituents despite its zero total electric charge.

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Quark model: A framework describing hadrons as bound states of quarks held together by the strong interaction. It assigns the proton and neutron constituent quarks whose charges and spins generate their moments.
Bohr magneton: A natural unit of magnetic moment defined using the electron mass and elementary charge. Nucleon moments are often expressed in nuclear rather than Bohr magnetons.
Otto Stern: A German-American physicist whose molecular-beam experiments established methods for measuring magnetic moments. His techniques helped make nucleon magnetic moments experimentally accessible.
Proton magnetic resonance: The resonant response of proton spins to radio-frequency fields in a magnetic field. The proton’s magnetic moment sets its spin-precession frequency in resonance experiments.
Dirac magnetic moment: The magnetic moment predicted for a pointlike spin-one-half particle with gyromagnetic ratio two. The large departures of nucleon moments from this value signal their composite structure.
Proton: A positively charged baryon composed primarily of two up quarks and one down quark. Its positive magnetic moment is the best-known nucleon example.
Nuclear magneton: A unit of magnetic moment defined from the elementary charge and proton mass. It provides the standard scale for quoting proton and neutron moments.
Stern–Gerlach experiment: A 1922 experiment that separated silver atoms in a nonuniform magnetic field. It demonstrated magnetic-moment quantization, a foundation for later particle measurements.
Neutron scattering: A technique that probes matter by measuring how neutrons scatter from it. Neutron magnetic interactions help scattering experiments investigate magnetic materials.
Electron magnetic moment: The intrinsic magnetic dipole moment associated with an electron’s spin. The electron is nearly pointlike, unlike the composite proton and neutron.