Object-oriented programming

Object-oriented programming organizes software around objects that combine state with operations. Its common techniques include encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

Object: An entity in programming that can hold state and provide operations. Objects are the organizing units of this paradigm.
Dynamic dispatch: The runtime selection of a method implementation based on an object's actual type. It commonly implements polymorphic method calls.
Procedural programming: A programming paradigm that organizes programs as procedures operating on data. It contrasts with organizing software around objects that combine data and behavior.
Simula: A programming language developed in Norway that introduced influential class and object concepts. Simula established foundational object-oriented mechanisms for simulation and later languages.
Java (programming language): A general-purpose programming language designed around classes and objects, with a virtual machine runtime. Java made class-based object-oriented programming a standard choice for enterprise software.
Class (computer programming): A program definition that specifies the state and behavior of its instances. Classes commonly define the objects used in class-based object-oriented languages.
Method (computer programming): A function associated with an object or class. Methods provide the operations that objects combine with their state.
Functional programming: A programming paradigm that emphasizes function evaluation and limits reliance on mutable state. Its emphasis on functions and immutable data differs from many object-oriented designs.
Smalltalk: A programming language and environment developed at Xerox PARC, built around objects and message sending. Smalltalk shaped the influential view of computation as objects communicating through messages.
C++: A general-purpose programming language that combines object-oriented features with procedural and generic programming. C++ demonstrates how object-oriented techniques can coexist with lower-level programming.

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