Obstetric fistula

An abnormal passage between the birth canal and the bladder or rectum, usually caused by tissue damage during prolonged obstructed labor. It can lead to continuous leakage of urine or feces.

Obstructed labor: Labor in which the presenting part of the fetus cannot progress through the birth canal despite uterine contractions. Prolonged obstruction can compress pelvic tissues until their blood supply fails.
Emergency obstetric care: Time-sensitive medical and surgical services for complications during pregnancy, childbirth, and immediately afterward. Timely intervention for obstructed labor can prevent the tissue injury that causes fistula.
Urinary incontinence: Involuntary leakage of urine. Continuous leakage is a common consequence of a bladder-to-vagina fistula.
Maternal health: Health and well-being related to pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. Obstetric fistula is a preventable outcome of gaps in maternal care.
Pressure necrosis: Tissue death caused by sustained pressure that restricts blood flow. Compression between the fetal head and maternal pelvis can destroy tissue that later forms a fistula.
Skilled birth attendance: Care during childbirth provided by trained health professionals able to manage normal birth and identify complications. Recognition of stalled labor and referral can reduce prolonged compression injuries.
Fecal incontinence: Involuntary loss of stool or control over bowel movements. A rectal connection can cause stool leakage and difficulty controlling bowel contents.
Midwifery: The profession and practice of supporting pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum care. Accessible midwifery services can identify prolonged labor and arrange escalation of care.
Vesicovaginal fistula: An abnormal connection between the bladder and vagina. This is the urinary form of obstetric fistula, often causing continuous urine leakage.
Cesarean section: Surgical delivery of a baby through incisions in the abdomen and uterus. When obstruction cannot be resolved safely, timely cesarean delivery can prevent ongoing pelvic compression.

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