Knowra Obstructive shock Obstructive shock Obstructive shock is circulatory failure caused by a physical blockage that prevents adequate cardiac filling or blood ejection, sharply reducing tissue perfusion.
Cardiac output : The volume of blood the heart pumps per unit time, determined by heart rate and stroke volume. Obstructive shock lowers cardiac output by limiting ventricular filling or blood ejection.
Massive pulmonary embolism : A pulmonary embolism large enough to cause hemodynamic instability or cardiac arrest. It is a high-risk cause of obstructive shock through acute right-heart strain.
Point-of-care ultrasound : Bedside ultrasonography performed by clinicians to answer focused diagnostic questions during care. It can rapidly reveal right-heart strain, pericardial fluid, or signs of pneumothorax.
Hypovolemic shock : Circulatory failure caused by loss of intravascular volume, such as from bleeding or dehydration. Both can reduce cardiac output, but hypovolemia reflects insufficient circulating volume rather than a blockage.
Venous return : The flow of blood returning to the heart through the systemic veins. Impaired return or cardiac filling can reduce the preload needed to sustain output.
Pericardial effusion : An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the space between the heart and its pericardial sac. A rapidly accumulating effusion can progress to tamponade and obstruct cardiac filling.
Focused assessment with sonography for trauma : A bedside ultrasound examination used to detect free fluid and selected thoracic injuries in trauma. In unstable trauma, it can identify pericardial fluid or pneumothorax as treatable causes.
Cardiogenic shock : Circulatory failure caused by the heart's inability to pump enough blood despite adequate filling. It stems primarily from pump failure, whereas obstructive shock imposes a mechanical barrier.
Preload : The stretch of ventricular muscle before contraction, commonly estimated from end-diastolic volume or pressure. Obstruction can prevent adequate ventricular filling and reduce preload.
Constrictive pericarditis : A condition in which a thickened, scarred pericardium restricts the heart's filling. It illustrates how an external constraint can impair filling, though it is not usually acute shock.
Show all 23