Ocarina

An ocarina is a vessel-shaped wind instrument with finger holes and a mouthpiece. Blowing into it sets the enclosed air vibrating to produce notes.

Helmholtz resonance: The resonance of air in a cavity coupled to the air at an opening. The ocarina’s cavity and mouthpiece opening form a Helmholtz resonator.
Vessel flute: A flute whose pitch is produced by resonance in an enclosed cavity rather than a long tube. The ocarina belongs to the vessel-flute family.
Giuseppe Donati: An Italian maker credited with developing the modern multi-holed ocarina in the nineteenth century. Donati’s design helped establish the familiar concert ocarina.
Ocarina ensemble: A group performance using multiple ocarinas, often in different sizes or tunings. Ensembles combine the ocarina’s compact range and distinct timbre into arranged music.
Recorder: A fipple flute with a tubular body and finger holes. Unlike an ocarina’s cavity, the recorder’s pitch depends chiefly on the length of its air column.
Acoustic resonance: The reinforcement of sound waves at frequencies that match a system’s natural modes. The ocarina produces stable pitches through resonance inside its cavity.
Flute: A wind instrument in which a player directs air across an opening to produce sound. The ocarina is a flute, though its resonating air occupies a vessel instead of a tube.
Budrio: A town in Emilia-Romagna, Italy, associated with the modern ocarina tradition. Budrio became a center for making and performing Donati-style ocarinas.
Folk music: Music rooted in the traditions and practices of particular communities. Ocarinas appear in folk traditions across several regions and historical periods.
Pan flute: A set of stopped tubes of different lengths played by blowing across their open ends. A pan flute uses separate tubes for pitches, while an ocarina changes pitch with holes in one vessel.

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