Oguri Kozukenosuke

Oguri Kozukenosuke (1827–1868) was a Tokugawa shogunate official who promoted military, naval, and economic modernization. After the shogunate fell, the new government executed him.

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Tokugawa Yoshinobu: The fifteenth and final shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate, who returned political authority to the emperor in 1867. As shogun, he oversaw the government Oguri served during its final reforms.
French Military Mission to Japan (1867–1868): A French military delegation that trained and reorganized Tokugawa forces from 1867 to 1868. Its instruction supplied expertise for the army reforms Oguri backed.
Perry Expedition to Japan: The 1853–1854 American naval mission that pressured Japan to open its ports to foreign trade. The expedition exposed the shogunate's military weakness and accelerated the reform agenda Oguri later pursued.
Meiji Restoration: The political transformation beginning in 1868 that ended Tokugawa rule and established imperial government in Japan. The new regime inherited and expanded some institutions and projects Oguri had helped initiate.
Katsu Kaishu: A Tokugawa naval officer and statesman who helped negotiate Edo's surrender in 1868. He shared Oguri's effort to modernize the shogunate, but favored surrendering Edo without battle.
Kaiseijo: A Tokugawa shogunate institution for Western learning, including sciences, languages, and military knowledge. Western technical knowledge taught at institutions like this supported the reforms Oguri promoted.
Convention of Kanagawa: The 1854 agreement between Japan and the United States that opened ports to American ships and consular officials. The treaty marked the new foreign relations that made military modernization pressing.
Meiji Japan: The Japanese state and society transformed under imperial rule from 1868 to 1912. The modernization pursued under Meiji rule gave lasting form to ambitions Oguri had advanced under the shogunate.
Yokosuka Naval Arsenal: A naval shipyard and arsenal established by the Tokugawa shogunate at Yokosuka, later developed by the Meiji government. Oguri championed its construction as a lasting foundation for Japanese naval power.
Shogunate finance: The revenues, expenditures, and fiscal institutions through which the Tokugawa shogunate funded its government. Oguri sought stronger fiscal administration to pay for a modern army and navy.